How to use the sign test calculator
Prepare the values for this calculation
Run an exact two-sided sign test on paired differences, ignoring zero differences. Use the formula below to check that it answers your question. Read the input units before transferring figures from a statement, measurement or dataset.
Enter and check each input
- First paired values: use the same separators and value order as the example in the input table. Replace the example data with your own complete dataset.
- Second paired values: use the same separators and value order as the example in the input table. Replace the example data with your own complete dataset.
The input table gives a complete example. Keep units and time periods consistent across related fields.
Calculate and resolve any input error
Choose Calculate after entering the values. Changes also update the answer after a short pause. If an error appears, follow its message, correct the field and calculate again. Reset restores the example values.
Interpret the answer
Check Exact two-sided p-value first. With the unchanged example inputs, it is 0.375. Compare the additional metrics with the primary result; each has its own label and unit.
Compare and keep a useful result
The result diagram shows the inputs, method and output. A numeric chart is shown only when the calculation supports a meaningful numeric relationship.
Use Copy result or Download CSV to keep the answer. Share tool shares the page address without placing your input values in the URL. Recheck inputs and assumptions before using the result for a decision.
Sign Test Calculator formula
Under H₀ each nonzero difference has success probability 0.5; p uses exact binomial tails.
Inputs and units
| Input | Format / range | Example |
|---|---|---|
| First paired values | Text / numeric list | 10,12,9,11,13 |
| Second paired values | Text / numeric list | 9,10,10,10,11 |
Worked example
Using the example inputs above, the exact two-sided p-value is 0.375.
- Exact two-sided p-value
- 0.375
- Positive differences
- 4
- Negative differences
- 1
- Zero differences ignored
- 0
Results and assumptions
The output uses the exact two-sided p-value convention and formula shown above. Match the entered units and source assumptions when comparing results.
Fix an input or unexpected result
If your answer differs from the example, choose Reset and compare every field, including selected units and options. Check percentage versus decimal entry and whether values describe the same period. Round only the final displayed answer when reproducing the formula.
If a discrepancy remains, report the calculator issue with the page address, non-sensitive example inputs, actual result, expected result and a reference for your calculation.