How to use the integral calculator
Prepare the values for this calculation
Integrate an entered cubic polynomial over finite bounds using the declared exact or numerical method. Use the formula below to check that it answers your question. Read the input units before transferring figures from a statement, measurement or dataset.
Enter and check each input
- Cubic coefficient a: enter a finite number. Use the unit named in the label or selected above. Do not leave this required field blank.
- Quadratic coefficient b: enter a finite number. Use the unit named in the label or selected above. Do not leave this required field blank.
- Linear coefficient c: enter a finite number. Use the unit named in the label or selected above. Do not leave this required field blank.
- Constant d: enter a finite number. Use the unit named in the label or selected above. Do not leave this required field blank.
- Lower bound: enter a finite number. Use the unit named in the label or selected above. Do not leave this required field blank.
- Upper bound: enter a finite number. Use the unit named in the label or selected above. Do not leave this required field blank.
- Intervals: enter a value at least 1 and no more than 100000 and a whole number. Use the unit named in the label or selected above. Do not leave this required field blank.
The input table gives a complete example. Keep units and time periods consistent across related fields.
Calculate and resolve any input error
Choose Calculate after entering the values. Changes also update the answer after a short pause. If an error appears, follow its message, correct the field and calculate again. Reset restores the example values.
Interpret the answer
Check Integral first. With the unchanged example inputs, it is 2. Interpret it using the formula and assumptions on this page.
Compare and keep a useful result
For a controlled comparison, keep every other example input unchanged and change Cubic coefficient a from 1 to 1.1. The resulting Integral is 2.4. This illustrates the equation’s response to that input, rather than a forecast of real events.
Read the chart’s axis labels and data table. A scenario curve changes one stated input while holding the others fixed; it does not add external observations. Use Download graph to save an available chart as a PNG.
Use Copy result or Download CSV to keep the answer. Share tool shares the page address without placing your input values in the URL. Recheck inputs and assumptions before using the result for a decision.
Integral Calculator formula
Uses the exact antiderivative of the entered cubic polynomial.
Inputs and units
| Input | Format / range | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Cubic coefficient a | Number | 1 |
| Quadratic coefficient b | Number | 0 |
| Linear coefficient c | Number | -1 |
| Constant d | Number | 0 |
| Lower bound | Number | 0 |
| Upper bound | Number | 2 |
| Intervals | minimum 1; maximum 100000; whole number | 100 |
Worked example
Using the example inputs above, the integral is 2.
- Integral
- 2
Results and assumptions
The output uses the integral convention and formula shown above. Match the entered units and source assumptions when comparing results.
Fix an input or unexpected result
Cubic coefficient a is required. Enter cubic coefficient a using the format and bounds in the input table. Zero and an empty field are different: use zero only if it is allowed and represents your data.
If your answer differs from the example, choose Reset and compare every field, including selected units and options. Check percentage versus decimal entry and whether values describe the same period. Round only the final displayed answer when reproducing the formula.
If a discrepancy remains, report the calculator issue with the page address, non-sensitive example inputs, actual result, expected result and a reference for your calculation.